AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -A well-studied example of a fixed action pattern occurs in ground-nesting water birds, like greylag geese. If a female greylag goose’s egg rolls out of her nest, she will instinctively use her bill to push the egg back into the nest in a series of very stereotyped, predictable, movements.

Detailed explanation-2: -Greylag goose egg-retrieval behavior The sight of the displaced egg is the sign stimulus and elicits the egg-retrieval behavior. First, the goose fixates its sight on the egg. Next, it extends its neck over the egg. Finally, it rolls the egg back to the nest using the underside of its beak.

Detailed explanation-3: -Egg-rolling behavior is striking: when an incubating goose notices an egg near the nest, its attention is suddenly riveted. It fixates on the egg, slowly rises, extends its neck over the egg, and with the bottom of its bill painstakingly rolls the egg back up into the nest (Fig. 3-1).

Detailed explanation-4: -Another activity or movement of innate behavior is kinesis: undirected movement in response to a stimulus. Orthokinesis is the increased or decreased speed of movement of an organism in response to a stimulus. Woodlice, for example, increase their speed of movement when exposed to high or low temperatures.

Detailed explanation-5: -Unlike a simple reflex response, fixed action patterns of behavior continue even after the sign stimulus has been removed (although the introduction of a new stimulus-such as the approach of a predator-may still interrupt the behavior). This is the primary distinction between a FAP and a simple reflex.