AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Classical conditioning is a simple form of associative learning, where the behavioral response is modified by conditioned stimulus. In the classical example, developed by Ivan Pavlov, dogs produce reflex response of salivation when conditioned with a sound stimulus.

Detailed explanation-2: -Classical conditioning is a type of learning that happens unconsciously. When you learn through classical conditioning, an automatic conditioned response is paired with a specific stimulus. This creates a behavior.

Detailed explanation-3: -Classical conditioning is an elementary form of associative learning, which inspires us to explore simplified routes even for inanimate materials to respond to new, initially neutral stimuli.

Detailed explanation-4: -Classical conditioning theory states that behaviors are learned by connecting a neutral stimulus with a positive one, such as Pavlov’s dogs hearing a bell (neutral) and expecting food (positive). The learned behavior is called a conditioned response.

Detailed explanation-5: -Stimulus-Stimulus Paradigms As a consequence, the term “classical conditioning” has been extended from Russian physiologist Ivan Petrovich Pavlov’s CS-CR to stimulus-stimulus (S-S) conditioning paradigms involving principally conditioned stimulus-instrumental response (CS-IR) and autoshaping procedures.