AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Maternal aggression is a behavior manifested by the mother to defend her offspring against threats, and thus the behavior is also commonly referred to as the maternal defense test.

Detailed explanation-2: -Types of aggression: Social/relational and cyberbullying, Instrumental/cognitive and physical, Verbal and emotional/impulsive, Instrumental/cognitive and social/relational.

Detailed explanation-3: -What is the behavior? Defensive aggression may be growling, snapping or biting when a dog is confronted with what he views as a threat and he is unable to avoid or escape the perceived danger. It is based in a fear which may or may not be reasonable.

Detailed explanation-4: -“Predatory aggression” involves such activities as stalking other animals for a kill, the violence that ensues when one animal infringes upon the marked territory of another, or the posturing and attacks exhibited by nursing mothers when any animal, even the mate, approaches the nest.

Detailed explanation-5: -Maternal behaviour in the rat consists of four principal components: nursing or crouching over the young, retrieving pups to the nest, body and genital licking of pups, and nest-building.