AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -In classical conditioning, a person or animal learns to associate a neutral stimulus (the conditioned stimulus, or CS) with a stimulus (the unconditioned stimulus, or US) that naturally produces a behaviour (the unconditioned response, or UR).

Detailed explanation-2: -In operant conditioning, an animal learns to perform a behavior more or less frequently through a reward or punishment that follows the behavior.

Detailed explanation-3: -One of the best known examples of classical conditioning may be Pavlov’s experiments on domestic dogs. Russian behaviorist Ivan Pavlov noticed that the smell of meat made his dogs drool. He began to ring a bell just before introducing the meat.

Detailed explanation-4: -Classical conditioning is a type of learning in which an animal learns to associate one stimulus with another. In this type of learning, a stimulus that normally produces a particular behavior is linked with a second stimulus. The second stimulus is something neutral to which the animal does not normally respond.

Detailed explanation-5: -The behavior caused by the conditioned stimulus is called the conditioned response (CR). In the case of Pavlov’s dogs, they had learned to associate the tone (CS) with being fed, and they began to salivate (CR) in anticipation of food.