AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Anemones and clownfish have a symbiotic relationship known as “mutualism, ” in which each species benefits the other. Able to withstand an anemone’s stinging tentacles, the clownfish use the anemones for protection from predators.

Detailed explanation-2: -Clownfish and sea anemone show a type of interaction known as commensalism, In this interaction, one species is benefited while the other is neither harmed nor benefited. Sea anemone has stinging tentacles that provide protection to clownfish from predators.

Detailed explanation-3: -Their study showed that ammonia-rich clownfish waste fertilizes the anemone and helps them breathe, grow, and reproduce.

Detailed explanation-4: -The interaction of anemones and clownfish is a charismatic example of mutualistic partnership [1], in which the anemone protects the clownfish against predators [2], while the clownfish provides the anemone’s endosymbiotic zooxanthellae algae with excreted nutrients (ammonia, sulfur, and phosphorus) [3].