AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Most often birds move to breeding grounds in the spring and then to wintering grounds in the fall. Some species make an additional movement to a third location, such as a molt migration to a location for molting (i.e., replacing of the feathers).

Detailed explanation-2: -Animals and birds migrate from one place to another place in search of food, to avoid extreme weather conditions, or to breed. Birds mainly migrate for food and the formation of nests to grow their young ones for their proper feeding.

Detailed explanation-3: -The longitudinal migration occurs when the birds migrate from east to west and vice-versa. Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), a resident of east Europe and west Asia migrate towards the Atlantic coast. California gulls, a resident and breed in Utah, migrate westward to winter in the Pacific coast.

Detailed explanation-4: -For example, rufous hummingbirds follow a coastal route in spring on their way from Mexico to Alaska but take advantage of mountain wildflowers on an interior southbound route in autumn. Loop migration is also common with many seabirds and shorebirds as they use seasonal variations in wind patterns to aid their flight.