AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -It refers to “trial-and-error” learning, such as solving a maze. When animals solve the maze and are rewarded, they can solve the maze more quickly in the future.

Detailed explanation-2: -trial-and-error learning Learning in which an animal comes to associate particular behaviours with the consequences they produce. This tends to reinforce the behaviour (i.e. the behaviour is likely to be repeated if the consequences are pleasant, but not if they are unpleasant).

Detailed explanation-3: -Trial and error is a fundamental method of Problem solving. It is characterised by repeated, varied attempts which are continued until success, or until the agent stops trying. Until getting the right answer the problem is repeating through various steps. This type of problem solving is called trial and error method.

Detailed explanation-4: -Each unsuccessful endeavor is abandoned for a new solution. This trial and error method helps Fido learn. A dog will not repeat behaviors that are unrewarded. So if the dog is unable to jump over the fence and cannot dig beneath the fence, he will soon abandon these behaviors for something new.

Detailed explanation-5: -animal learning …the egg, conditioning, or by trial-and-error learning. For example, chicks might “learn” to peck before hatching as a result of the rhythmic beating of their heart, or they might have a pecking reflex and simply learn to associate a food reward with pecking at the parent’s bill.