AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Several species of animals have been observed using insight learning. Insight learning is the use of past experiences and reasoning to solve problems. Unlike operant conditioning, insight learning does not involve trial and error. Instead, an animal thinks through a solution to a problem based on previous experience.

Detailed explanation-2: -Insight learning was defined by Thorpe (2) as “the sudden production of a new adaptive response not arrived at by trial behavior or as the solution of a problem by the sudden adaptive reorganization of experience.” An early claim of insight learning was Tolman’s maze-navigating rats (3).

Detailed explanation-3: -Along with mammal research on species such as chimpanzees, elephants, dogs and rats, researchers have also found insightful behaviour in various bird species including parrots, corvids (crows and ravens), and even songbirds. One popular problem-solving task involves string-pulling.

Detailed explanation-4: -Habituation, imprinting, classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and cognitive learning.

Detailed explanation-5: -Habituation occurs when animals are exposed to the same stimuli repeatedly, and eventually stop responding to that stimulus.