AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -As the trees darkened with soot, the light-colored moths were easier to see. They were eaten by birds more and more, while the rare dark colored moths blended in better on the darker trees. This made the dark colored moths have a higher survival rate.

Detailed explanation-2: -Wing-color changes in peppered moths are a common example of what scientists refer to as natural selection. In it, organisms develop random mutations. Some of the gene changes will leave individuals better suited-or adapted-to their environment. These individuals will tend to survive more often.

Detailed explanation-3: -Introduction. The peppered moth Biston betularia (L.) and its melanic mutant will be familiar to readers of Heredity as an example of rapid evolutionary change brought about by natural selection in a changing environment, even if the details of the story are not.

Detailed explanation-4: -Industrialisation and domestic coal fires had caused sooty air pollution, which had killed off lichens and blackened urban tree trunks and walls. So, it was now the pale form of the moth that was more obvious to predators, while the melanic form was better camouflaged and more likely to survive and produce offspring.

Detailed explanation-5: -The case of the peppered moth (Biston betularia) is a classic example of evolution through directional selection (selection favoring extreme phenotypes). Prior to the industrial revolution in England (pre-1740), the peppered moth was found almost entirely in its light form (light body colored with black spots).