AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Porteus (1977), identified three interrelated levels of territoriality; personal space, home base (spaces that are actively maintained), and home range (behavior that is formed is part of people’s lives).

Detailed explanation-2: -Wolf packs maintain territories in which they hunt and live. These areas are aggressively defended from all non-pack members. The male cougar has a large territory that may overlap the territories of several females but is defended against other males.

Detailed explanation-3: -Some folks use the words “territory” and “range” interchangeably, and this is not correct. Territory refers to individuals within the species. Range is more closely associated with the species as whole population.

Detailed explanation-4: -Species distribution-or species dispersion-is the manner in which a biological taxon is spatially arranged. The geographic limits of a particular taxon’s distribution is its range, often represented as shaded areas on a map.