AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -For example, a hungry animal will respond to a situation in a way that is most natural for that animal. If one of these responses leads to the reward of food, it is likely that the specific response which led to the food reward will be repeated and thus learned.

Detailed explanation-2: -trial-and-error learning Learning in which an animal comes to associate particular behaviours with the consequences they produce. This tends to reinforce the behaviour (i.e. the behaviour is likely to be repeated if the consequences are pleasant, but not if they are unpleasant).

Detailed explanation-3: -Piaget proposed that infants first learn cause-and-effect from their own trial-and-error actions on objects. For example, 6-month-old infants can learn to kick their leg to get a mobile to move. They do this by just trying different body movements and noting the effects that they produce.

Detailed explanation-4: -Trial and error is a fundamental method of Problem solving. It is characterised by repeated, varied attempts which are continued until success, or until the agent stops trying. Until getting the right answer the problem is repeating through various steps. This type of problem solving is called trial and error method.