AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Today, we easily recognize that both genes and the environment influence behavior, and scientists studying behavior focus on the interaction between these two factors.

Detailed explanation-2: -Across the animal kingdom, individual differences in behavior are nearly always influenced by genetic factors which, in turn, result from a substantial number of individual genes, each with a small effect. Nearly all genes that affect behavior influence multiple phenotypes.

Detailed explanation-3: -Blinking, eating, walking, flying, vocalizing and huddling are all examples of behaviors. Behavior is broadly defined as the way an animal acts. Swimming is an example of behavior.

Detailed explanation-4: -Both external and internal stimuli prompt behaviors-external information (e.g., threats from other animals, sounds, smells) or weather and internal information (e.g., hunger, fear). Understanding how genes and the environment come together to shape animal behavior is also an important underpinning of the field.

Detailed explanation-5: -Positive experiences, such as exposure to rich learning opportunities, and negative influences, such as malnutrition or environmental toxins, can change the chemistry that encodes genes in brain cells-a change that can be temporary or permanent.