AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -(2012), we primarily classify castes into four categories: workers, soldiers, ergatoid queens and queens (Fig. 1). Workers and queens differ by a suite of caste-associated traits (Molet et al., 2012). Workers are universally wingless and have reduced or absent eyes, ocelli and reproductive systems.

Detailed explanation-2: -Ant castes are queens, workers and males. The queen ant lays eggs. Males die not long after they mate. The worker ants are female ants and most of them stay in the ant nest and complete tasks like tending to the young.

Detailed explanation-3: -The queen is the founder of the colony, and her role is to lay eggs. Worker ants are all female, and this sisterhood is responsible for the harmonious operation of the colony. Their tasks range from caring for the queen and the young, foraging, policing conflicts in the colony, and waste disposal.

Detailed explanation-4: -Typically, small workers spend most of their lives inside the nest, caring for brood, cleaning the nest, and feeding other workers. Larger workers focus more on tasks that take them outside the colony, such as nest and territory defense and foraging.