AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Focal sampling: watching one animal for a set length of time and writing down everything the animal does with the time noted. Scan sampling: watching one animal or a group of animals and writing down what they are doing at a certain interval of time (every 30 seconds, every 5 minutes, etc.)

Detailed explanation-2: -Behaviour sampling (or all occurrence sampling): the observer watches the whole group of subjects and records each occurrence of a particular behaviour, describing the context in which it occurs in as much detail as is required (Martin and Bateson, 2007).

Detailed explanation-3: -All Occurrences Sampling requires the observer to make a complete record of every occurrence of one or more predeter-mined behaviors for every individual in the sample.

Detailed explanation-4: -There are three main types of ecological sampling: random sampling, systematic sampling, and stratified sampling. Random sampling is carried out when the area of study is fairly uniform or very large. When using random sampling a large number of samples are usually taken from different areas within the habitat.