AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -As the animal’s body temperature rises, its respiration rate increases sharply; cooling results from the evaporation of water in the nasal passages, mouth, lungs, and (in birds) air sacs.

Detailed explanation-2: -Rapidly expelling hot air and drawing in cooler air is known as panting. When the cool air comes in contact with the moist lining of the lungs and throat, it helps the animal reduce its body temperature. You’ve definitely seen dogs do it-canines sweat through their paws but also pant to cool off more efficiently.

Detailed explanation-3: -Panting is a controlled increase in respiratory frequency accompanied by a decrease in tidal volume, the purpose of which is to increase ventilation of the upper respiratory tract, preserve alveolar ventilation, and thereby elevate evaporative heat loss.

Detailed explanation-4: -How does panting, which is a physiological adaptation, help to get rid of heat and keep animals like reindeer, cool? Answer: Panting allows heat to be lost through ventilation. The wet (moist) surfaces of the mouth, palate and tongue are lined with water.

Detailed explanation-5: -Indeed, the increase in respiratory frequency during panting typically involves a much higher increase in metabolic heat production (due to large thoracoabdominal muscle mass) than the rapid pulsation of the hyoid apparatus during gular flutter17, 18, 19.