AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Endotherms can alter metabolic heat production to maintain body temperature using both shivering and non-shivering thermogenesis. Vasoconstriction-shrinking-and vasodilation-expansion-of blood vessels to the skin can alter an organism’s exchange of heat with the environment.

Detailed explanation-2: -Endothermic animals in colder climates may have a layer of insulation, like fur or blubber, so their heat stays in the body. Since they are able to regulate their own temperature and do not need a specific climate to survive, endothermic animals can be found just about anywhere.

Detailed explanation-3: -For any ectotherm, even brief exposure to subzero temperatures carries the risk of irreparable injury or death. Cold impairs cellular functions by rigidifying membranes, slowing ion pumps, inducing oxidative damage, denaturing proteins, and altering energy balance.

Detailed explanation-4: -Endotherms regulate their core body temperature by adjusting metabolic heat production and insulation. Endothermic body temperatures are therefore relatively stable compared to external temperatures.

Detailed explanation-5: -Sweat glands help keep endotherms cool. When an endotherm gets hot, the sweat evaporates and cools the animal’s skin. Fur and feathers are another adaptation to regulate body temperature. These specialized skin coverings help the animals stay warm.