AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Proximate causes include hereditary, developmental, structural, cognitive, psychological, and physiological aspects of behaviour. In other words, proximate causes are the mechanisms directly underlying the behaviour.

Detailed explanation-2: -Ultimate explanations are concerned with the fitness consequences of a trait or behavior and whether it is (or is not) selected. In contrast, proximate explanations are concerned with the mechanisms that underpin the trait or behavior-that is, how it works.

Detailed explanation-3: -Proximate versus ultimate causation Social behaviour is best understood by differentiating its proximate cause (that is, how the behaviour arises in animals) from its ultimate cause (that is, the evolutionary history and functional utility of the behaviour).

Detailed explanation-4: -the most direct or immediate cause of an event. In a causal chain, it is the one that directly produces the effect.

Detailed explanation-5: -Proximate cause, or legal cause, is an underlying cause of an accident. For example, if a truck driver swerves and hits a car, the driver is the actual cause of the accident.