AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Operant conditioning was used to induce the learned behavior (stand up and jump through hoop) and used food treat as a reinforcement.

Detailed explanation-2: -The conditioning depicted is operant conditioning. The lion is given a reward which is a positive reinforcement for performing the trick of standing on a chair and jumping through the hoop. The treat is the positive reinforcer. The performance of the trick is the behavior that is being conditioned and reinforced.

Detailed explanation-3: -For example, whenever you come home wearing a baseball cap, you take your child to the park to play. So, whenever your child sees you come home with a baseball cap, he is excited because he has associated your baseball cap with a trip to the park. This learning by association is classical conditioning.

Detailed explanation-4: -A child is scolded (unpleasant event) for ignoring homework (undesirable behavior.) A parent gives a child a time-out (unpleasant consequence) for throwing tantrums (unwanted behavior.) The police gives a driver a ticket (unpleasant stimulus) for speeding (unwanted behavior.)

Detailed explanation-5: -Classical conditioning involves associating an involuntary response and a stimulus, while operant conditioning is about associating a voluntary behavior and a consequence. In operant conditioning, the learner is also rewarded with incentives, 5 while classical conditioning involves no such enticements.