AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -In the language of classical conditioning, this existing stimulus-response pair can be broken into an unconditioned stimulus, the sight or smell of food, and an unconditioned response, drooling. In Pavlov’s experiments, every time a dog was given food, another stimulus was provided alongside the unconditioned stimulus.

Detailed explanation-2: -In operant conditioning, an animal’s behavior is conditioned by the consequences that follow. That is, a behavior will happen either more or less often, depending on its results. When an animal performs a particular behavior that produces a favorable result, the animal is likely to repeat the behavior.

Detailed explanation-3: -Classical and operant conditioning are two central concepts in behavioral psychology. Both classical and operant conditioning are forms of associative learning using a behavioristic approach.

Detailed explanation-4: -To understand classical conditioning, it is essential to be familiar with the following terms. A neutral stimulus is a stimulus that at first elicits no response. Pavlov introduced the ringing of the bell as a neutral stimulus. An unconditioned stimulus is a stimulus that leads to an automatic response.

Detailed explanation-5: -The behavior caused by the conditioned stimulus is called the conditioned response (CR). In the case of Pavlov’s dogs, they had learned to associate the tone (CS) with being fed, and they began to salivate (CR) in anticipation of food.