AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Male squirrels are among those animals that sprinkle their mates with urine to mark them and warn other males to keep their distance.

Detailed explanation-2: -Bees, wasps, ants, moths and other insects rely largely upon pheromones as a means of communication. Pheromones are chemical substances which may be secreted in urine, dung or produced by special glands. They are usually given off by the female of the species to attract males.

Detailed explanation-3: -In the half century since then, as the technology for isolating and identifying trace amounts of compounds has become more refined, pheromones have been found in almost every kind of animal, in squid, lobsters, ants, fish, salamanders, and mice, to name just a few.

Detailed explanation-4: -Pheromones can be used to attract a mate, as a means of defense, mark territories, or coordinate large amounts of workers. Farmers are using pheromones to tackle pests on their crops more humanely. These are just some ways that animals use chemical communication, and there are some more fascinating ways below.

Detailed explanation-5: -Examples of these signals include gestures, facial expressions, body postures, and coloration. Gesture and posture are widely used visual signals. For instance, chimpanzees communicate a threat by raising their arms, slapping the ground, or staring directly at another chimpanzee.