AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Investigations of the control of blinking have revealed an intriguing multitude of additional factors influencing human blink rates so that blinking is often used as a behavioral marker for a variety of internal processes. Blinking is closely intertwined with cognitive functions connected to dopamine (see ref.

Detailed explanation-2: -Eye blinking is one of the most frequent human actions. The control of blinking is thought to reflect complex interactions between maintaining clear and healthy vision and influences tied to central dopaminergic functions including cognitive states, psychological factors, and medical conditions.

Detailed explanation-3: -Blinking of eyes is not a reflex action, but it is an involuntary action. A reflex action is one which occurs spontaneously whereas involuntary action happens without the conscious control or will of an organism.

Detailed explanation-4: -The eye blink elicited by electrical stimulation of the median nerve at the wrist hand-blink reflex (HBR) is a defensive reflex subserved by an entirely subcortical circuit at brainstem level (Miwa et al., 1998, Valls-Solé et al., 1997).