AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -In most wolf packs, there will be an alpha male and female and frequently an omega male and female. In wolf hierarchy, the males tend to dominate other males and the females dominate other females so that there is generally a low ranking member of each sex.

Detailed explanation-2: -The dominant male and female are in charge of the pack. To communicate dominance, they carry their tails high and stand tall. Less dominant wolves exhibit submissive behavior by holding their tails down and often lower their bodies while pawing at the higher ranking wolves.

Detailed explanation-3: -A pack of wolves usually comprises a dominant (alpha) pair; an individual or a couple following in importance, and most likely to replace the current alphas (referred to as the beta pair); next in line, are individuals in the middle ranks, these are followed by one or more wolves of the lowest (omega) rank.

Detailed explanation-4: -Most human interaction is prestige-based, but many examples of a dominance hierarchy in humans still exist, such as violent criminal activity, domestic violence, violently enforced monarchies, and intimidation-based cults. Mountain Lion Displaying Agonistic Behavior.