AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Imprinting is a specialized form of learning that occurs during a brief period in young animals-e.g., ducks imprinting on their mother. In classical conditioning, a new stimulus is associated with a pre-existing response through repeated pairing of new and previously known stimuli.

Detailed explanation-2: -Classical Conditioning (Conditioning is another word for learning.) By pairing a new stimulus with a familiar one, an animal can be conditioned to respond to the new stimulus. The conditioned response is typically a reflex-a behavior that requires no thought.

Detailed explanation-3: -Pavlov had identified a fundamental associative learning process called classical conditioning. Classical conditioning refers to learning that occurs when a neutral stimulus (e.g., a tone) becomes associated with a stimulus (e.g., food) that naturally produces a behavior.

Detailed explanation-4: -Classical conditioning was first studied in detail by Ivan Pavlov, who conducted experiments with dogs and published his findings in 1897. During the Russian physiologist’s study of digestion, Pavlov observed that the dogs serving as his subjects drooled when they were being served meat.

Detailed explanation-5: -A conditioned stimulus is a stimulus that can eventually trigger a conditioned response. In the described experiment, the conditioned stimulus was the ringing of the bell, and the conditioned response was salivation. It is important to note that the neutral stimulus becomes the conditioned stimulus.