AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -During hibernation, their body temperature drops from 35 to 2 degrees Celsius, and their metabolic rate is reduced by about 98 per cent.

Detailed explanation-2: -Hibernating animals slow their metabolisms, cooling their bodies by 5° to 10°C (9° to 18°F). Arctic ground squirrels (Spermophilus parryii) can take this much further, cooling their bodies to subfreezing temperatures.

Detailed explanation-3: -During torpor, metabolism is severely depressed but hibernation also involves the inhibition of thermogenesis, leading to a considerable decrease in body temperature (Tb). The induction of torpor begins with lowering of the metabolic rate, followed by hypothermia as the Tb drifts downward (reviewed in: 1-3).

Detailed explanation-4: -For hibernators sensitive to temperature, trends in warmer weather are likely to reduce the duration of hibernation, while disparate patterns in the snowpack could create trophic mismatches for animals that emerge prior to the onset of spring food resources (Inouye et al., 2000).

Detailed explanation-5: -The 4 stages in the torpor-arousal cycle, early arousal (EA), late arousal (LA), early torpor (ET), late torpor (LT), during hibernation in a telemetrized animal.