ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY
CHEMICAL SIGNALS
|
Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
|
|
|
cAMP carries the signal to the nucleus of the cell and results in new sequences of nucleotides being added to the cell’s DNA.
|
|
|
cAMP binds the extracellular signal molecule and carries it to the intracellular target specified by the signal.
|
|
|
cAMP modifies a specific monomer so that it can be added to an elongating structural macromolecule.
|
|
|
cAMP results in the activation of an enzyme that amplifies the signal by acting on many substrate molecules.
|
Detailed explanation-1: -G proteins are a family of receptor proteins that are involved in transmitting signals from outside a cell to inside a cell. When a signaling molecule binds to a G protein, the G protein is activated. The G protein then activates an enzyme that produces a second messenger called cAMP.
Detailed explanation-2: -G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) comprise the largest family of proteins in our body, which have many important physiological functions and are implicated in the pathophysiology of many serious diseases. GPCRs therefore are significant targets in pharmaceutical research.
Detailed explanation-3: -The main physiological functions of G-proteins are to relay the signals from GPCRs which function as GEFs for G-proteins. Binding with exogenous or endogenous agonists induces GPCRs into an active conformational state which, in turn, influences intracellular binding of G-proteins or arrestin proteins [23, 24].
Detailed explanation-4: -GPCRs are found in the cell membranes of a wide range of organisms, including mammals, plants, microorganisms, and invertebrates.
Detailed explanation-5: -Introduction. G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are integral membrane proteins that are used by cells to convert extracellular signals into intracellular responses, including responses to hormones, neurotransmitters, as well as responses to vision, olfaction and taste signals.