AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Oxytocin is a natural hormone that stimulates uterine contractions in childbirth and lactation after childbirth. It also affects aspects of human behavior and the male and female reproductive systems.

Detailed explanation-2: -The neuropeptide oxytocin acts as a hormone and a neuromodulator, influencing a multitude of human social behaviors, including reproduction. During childbirth and the postpartum period, it plays a key role in regulating and controlling processes that ensure a safe birth and the health of mother and child.

Detailed explanation-3: -Oxytocin levels rise at the onset of labour, causing regular contractions of the womb and abdominal muscles. The cervix must dilate (open) to around 10cm for the baby to pass through. Oxytocin, along with other hormones, stimulates softening of the cervix leading to successive dilation during labour.

Detailed explanation-4: -Oxytocin is released in response to activation of sensory nerves during labor, breastfeeding and sexual activity. In addition oxytocin is released in response to low intensity stimulation of the skin, e.g., in response to touch, stroking, warm temperature, etc.

Detailed explanation-5: -The oxytocin reflex is also sometimes called the “letdown reflex” or the “milk ejection reflex”. Oxytocin is produced more quickly than prolactin. It makes the milk that is already in the breast flow for the current feed, and helps the baby to get the milk easily.