AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Labrum: The labrum represents an extended front lip, or plate-like structure, found on the front of the insect’s mouth. The labrum is used to hold the food as it is being eaten.

Detailed explanation-2: -Hypopharynx-a tongue-like process that helps mix food and saliva. Labium-a back lip that is derived from a pair of appendages that have fused together along the midline.

Detailed explanation-3: -Sucking insects have adapted mouth parts to suit their eating habits. In insects such as the mosquito, the labium has become a grooved beak with four sharp needles called stylets. These are used for piercing and then sucking. The mandible has become a long sucking tube called a proboscis in butterflies and moths.

Detailed explanation-4: -A chewing insect has a pair of mandibles, one on each side of the head. The mandibles are caudal to the labrum and anterior to the maxillae. Typically the mandibles are the largest and most robust mouthparts of a chewing insect, and it uses them to masticate (cut, tear, crush, chew) food items.

Detailed explanation-5: -The mandibles and maxillae, typically used for manipulating and masticating food by arthropods with chewing mouthparts (Fig. 2.2A), are modified in mosquitoes for piercing the host epidermis. The hypopharynx, a tongue-like structure in insects with chewing mouthparts (Fig.