AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The cloaca is an expanded, tubular structure that serves as the common opening of the digestive, reproductive and urinary systems, which opens to the outside of the bird as the vent. As in mammals, the large intestine’s primary function is absorption of water and electrolytes.

Detailed explanation-2: -Cloaca: Where the digestive, urinary and reproductive systems meet.

Detailed explanation-3: -The cloaca is a common space that collects the waste and opens into the outside of the body. The outer opening is commonly referred to as the vent. The cloaca is divided into three main sections: the coprodeum, the urodeum, and the proctodeum. The coprodeum collects the fecal matter from the colon.

Detailed explanation-4: -The stomach of birds has two chambers: the proventriculus, where gastric juices are produced to digest the food before it enters the stomach, and the gizzard, where the food is stored, soaked, and mechanically ground.

Detailed explanation-5: -gizzard, in many birds, the hind part of the stomach, especially modified for grinding food. Located between the saclike crop and the intestine, the gizzard has a thick muscular wall and may contain small stones, or gastroliths, that function in the mechanical breakdown of seeds and other foods.