AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -During mastication, the food mixes with the saliva to form a bolus, which is a rounded, smooth, and lubricated portion of mechanically broken down food. In the food bolus, the digestion by -amylase and lingual lipase is initiated.

Detailed explanation-2: -Saliva contains mucus that moistens food and buffers the pH of the food. Saliva also contains immunoglobulins and lysozymes, which have antibacterial action to reduce tooth decay by inhibiting growth of some bacteria.

Detailed explanation-3: -bolus, food that has been chewed and mixed in the mouth with saliva.

Detailed explanation-4: -Saliva secreted by salivary glands aids the mechanical and chemical process of digestion. Saliva is about 99% water and not only moistens food but cleanses the mouth, dissolves food chemicals so they can be tasted, and contains enzymes that start the chemical breakdown of starchy foods.

Detailed explanation-5: -The saliva helps to moisten the food and form bolus, which can be swallowed easily. Saliva also contains special enzymes that help to break down carbohydrates.