AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The proventriculus secretes an acid used for breaking down food, and is best developed in birds that swallow entire fish or other animals containing bones which must be digested. The gizzard is the second chamber of the stomach and it consists of very tough muscles.

Detailed explanation-2: -The proventriculus (also known as the true stomach) is the glandular stomach where digestion primarily begins. Hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes, such as pepsin, are added to the feed here and begin to break it down more significantly than the enzymes secreted by the salivary glands.

Detailed explanation-3: -Stomach (Proventriculus/Gizzard): Principally the organ where food is broken into smaller units. It has two parts: the proventriculus for storage and the gizzard. The gizzard is a muscular part of the stomach that uses grit to grind grains and fiber into smaller particles.

Detailed explanation-4: -This is defined as the apparatus that allows the bird to prehend and swallow feed, a muscular channel (esophagus, proventriculus, gizzard, intestine) that transports the feed through the body, the salivary glands and pancreas that contribute digestive enzymes, the liver that secretes bile for fat digestion.

Detailed explanation-5: -Anatomy and Physiology The avian stomach is divided into a proventriculus and ventriculus or gizzard.