AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The microbial digestion takes place in the intestine and cecum. Examples of pseudo ruminants include horses, hippopotamus, rabbits and guinea pigs. Animals like hippopotamus and camels have a three chambered stomach while zebras, horses and rhinoceros have a simple monogastric stomach.

Detailed explanation-2: -Horses are non-ruminant, simple-stomached herbivores. They are hindgut fermenters, meaning the large intestine is the main site of fermentation of fibrous feedstuffs. This differs from ruminant animals like cattle, goats, deer, and sheep, which are foregut fermenters with a rumen and multicompartment stomach.

Detailed explanation-3: -Pseudo-ruminants have a three-chamber stomach in the digestive system. However, their cecum-a pouched organ at the beginning of the large intestine containing many microorganisms that are necessary for the digestion of plant materials-is large and is the site where the roughage is fermented and digested.

Detailed explanation-4: -Horses are classified as non-ruminant herbivores. This means that they have the capacity to break down the cellulose and hemi-cellulose components in forages without the four-chambered stomach that cattle have.

Detailed explanation-5: -Examples of pseudo-ruminants are horses, rabbits, guinea pigs, and hamsters.