AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -In the human body, amylase is predominantly produced by the salivary glands and the pancreas. Although salivary and pancreatic amylases are similar, they are encoded by different genes (AMY1 and AMY2, respectively) and show different levels of activity against starches of various origins [10].

Detailed explanation-2: -There are two kinds of amylase enzymes: Alpha-amylase (ptyalin), which is produced by the salivary glands. This enzyme begins starch digestion in the mouth and continues to work in the stomach. Pancreatic amylase, which is secreted by the pancreas into the small intestine.

Detailed explanation-3: -The major salivary glands of rodents, as well as those of humans, are composed of the parotid gland (PG), submandibular gland (SMG), and sublingual gland (SLG) [4, 20, 28].

Detailed explanation-4: -Salivary amylase, encoded by the gene AMY1, is a major component of human saliva that initiates carbohydrate digestion in the mouth. This process continues in the small intestine, where amylase produced by the pancreas performs the final steps of carbohydrate digestion.

Detailed explanation-5: -The submandibular gland is best characterized as a mixed seromucous gland, because the cells produce amylase (serous) and mucin, glutamine/glutamic acid rich proteins, peroxidase, and proline-rich proteins (mucous) (Redman, 2008).