AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -There are many different types of amino acids. It is common for some of each kind to be found in the urine. Increased levels of individual amino acids can be a sign of a problem with metabolism.

Detailed explanation-2: -Increased circulating BCAA has been associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatic injury [77]. These results demonstrated that high protein or amino acids consumption may generate further dangerous metabolic disorders and liver injury.

Detailed explanation-3: -The branched chain amino acids (BCAAs), valine (Val), leucine (Leu) and isoleucine (Ile), are essential amino acids for human beings and are involved in the pathophysiology of liver diseases (1). This review describes the biological properties of BCAAs and their clinical use in the management of liver cirrhosis.

Detailed explanation-4: -General elevations in urine amino acid levels, called aminoaciduria, can be seen in disorders with amino acid transport defects such as lysinuric protein intolerance and Hartnup disease, as well as in conditions with renal tubular dysfunction including Lowe syndrome and Dent disease.