AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The liver cells react carbon dioxide with the ammonia in a process called the ornithine cycle to form the less toxic compound, urea. The urea and water are released into the bloodstream and transported to the kidneys.

Detailed explanation-2: -The liver produces several chemicals (enzymes) that change ammonia into a form called urea, which the body can remove in the urine. If this process is disturbed, ammonia levels begin to rise.

Detailed explanation-3: -The eU2A process enables the optimum conversion of urea to ammonia preventing the formation of isocyanic ions in alkaline media. The process enables higher reaction rates than the thermal hydrolysis at lower operating temperature and pressure. The new process could offer several advantages for SCR systems in vehicles.

Detailed explanation-4: -Ammonia is highly toxic and has a high solubility in water. Urea is less soluble and less toxic than ammonia. Uric acid is least toxic and has low solubility.

Detailed explanation-5: -Among these nitrogenous wastes, ammonia is the most toxic form of nitrogenous waste. Urea is less toxic than ammonia but is more toxic than uric acid. Uric acid is least toxic.