AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Adaptation such as spines, thick cuticles, and sunken stomata helps the plant to reduce the rate of transpiration.

Detailed explanation-2: -Four major adaptations are found in all terrestrial plants: the alternation of generations, a sporangium in which the spores are formed, a gametangium that produces haploid cells, and apical meristem tissue in roots and shoots.

Detailed explanation-3: -Leaves shrink to thorns: When the leaves shrink to thorns, the surface area is reduced for transpiration. This reduces the water loss. Decrease in the number of stomata: It is understood that the number of stomata is directly proportional to the transpiration rate.