AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -But when the kidneys begin to fail, urea can build up, reaching levels that are toxic if it’s not cleared from the system. To remove urea, the dialysis machine pushes liters of water through the system to flush out the water-soluble compound before returning the clean blood to circulation.

Detailed explanation-2: -Urea is thus removed from both erythrocyte and plasma water as blood passes through the dialyzer, so that with adequate membrane size and dialysate flow, the blood passing through the dialyzer is largely cleared of urea (2, 34).

Detailed explanation-3: -The urea moves from the blood to the dialysis fluid by diffusion. Other small particles diffuse from the blood to the dialysis fluid too. As glucose diffuses out of the blood, glucose also diffuses into the blood from the dialysis fluid. This keeps the concentration of important chemicals in the blood constant.

Detailed explanation-4: -Waste products from your blood move into the dialysis solution. Filtered blood remains in the hollow fibers and returns to your body. In the filter, your blood flows inside hollow fibers that filter out wastes and extra salt and water.