AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Most of the Ca++, Na+, glucose, and amino acids must be reabsorbed by the nephron to maintain homeostatic plasma concentrations. Other substances, such as urea, K+, ammonia (NH3), creatinine, and some drugs are secreted into the filtrate as waste products.

Detailed explanation-2: -Secreted substances largely include hydrogen, creatinine, ions, and other types of waste products, such as drugs. Tubular secretion is the transfer of materials from peritubular capillaries to the renal tubular lumen and occurs mainly by active transport and passive diffusion.

Detailed explanation-3: -You have two kidneys that filter your blood, removing wastes and extra water to make urine.

Detailed explanation-4: -The glomerular filtrate contains urea, water, vitamins, fatty acids, water, glucose, nitrogen, salts, etc. The glomerular filtrate enters the nephrons for further filtration termed ultrafiltration.

Detailed explanation-5: -Glomerular filtration is a process of moving materials (water and solutes) under pressure (blood hydrostatic pressure) from the blood in the glomerular capillaries into Bowman’s capsule.