AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Answer and Explanation: Since the glomerulus is only able to filter out fluid and tiny molecules, the main substances filtered out by it are excess water, salts, glucose and urea. These substances are then passed on to Bowman’s capsule that surrounds the glomerulus. Eventually, they will be excreted out in the urine.

Detailed explanation-2: -Protein-free fluid is filtered from blood plasma into the Bowmans capsule.

Detailed explanation-3: -Urea is reabsorbed in the collecting duct so that the final urea excretion is 50% of the filtered load. Water reabsorption, as well as solute reabsorption and secretion, results in a change in the composition of the tubule fluid, as shown in Figure 11-17.

Detailed explanation-4: -Your kidneys remove wastes and extra fluid from your body. Your kidneys also remove acid that is produced by the cells of your body and maintain a healthy balance of water, salts, and minerals-such as sodium, calcium, phosphorus, and potassium-in your blood.

Detailed explanation-5: -Fluids comprising excess water, salt and metabolic waste products are extracted from the blood as it enters the Bowman’s capsule in the nephrons. This fluid in the Bowman’s capsule is called glomerular filtrate. It is similar to blood plasma except that it has almost no protein.