AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Kidney stones (also called renal calculi, nephrolithiasis or urolithiasis) are hard deposits made of minerals and salts that form inside your kidneys.

Detailed explanation-2: -Alternative Names Renal calculi; Nephrolithiasis; Stones-kidney; Calcium oxalate-stones; Cystine-stones; Struvite-stones; Uric acid-stones; Urinary lithiasis.

Detailed explanation-3: -There are four types of kidney stones: calcium oxalate, uric acid, struvite, and cystine. A kidney stone may be treated with shockwave lithotripsy, uteroscopy, percutaneous nephrolithomy or nephrolithotripsy.

Detailed explanation-4: -Calcium Oxalate Stones The most common type of kidney stone is a calcium oxalate stone. These result when the urine contains low levels of citrate and high levels of calcium and either oxalate or uric acid.

Detailed explanation-5: -Kidney stones are solid crystals formed from the salts in urine. They are sometimes called renal calculi. Kidney stones can block the flow of urine and cause infection, kidney damage or even kidney failure. They can vary in size and location.