AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The kidneys produce erthryopoietin, which stimulates red blood cell synthesis, and renin, which helps control salt and water balance and blood pressure. They are also involved in regulating plasma calcium and glucose levels.

Detailed explanation-2: -The kidney plays a pivotal role in the regulation of blood volume by controlling the plasma volume and red blood cell (RBC) mass. Further, it is proposed that the kidney coordinates the relative volumes of these 2 blood components and in so doing regulates the hematocrit.

Detailed explanation-3: -When blood is filtered in the kidneys, it is able to monitor and balance the water levels by preserving what the body needs. This allows our body to avoid dehydration while removing excess water and electrolytes in the form of urine.

Detailed explanation-4: -One way the the kidneys can directly control the volume of bodily fluids is by the amount of water excreted in the urine. Either the kidneys can conserve water by producing urine that is concentrated relative to plasma, or they can rid the body of excess water by producing urine that is dilute relative to plasma.

Detailed explanation-5: -The critical regulation of the body’s salt, potassium and acid content is performed by the kidneys. The kidneys also produce hormones that affect the function of other organs. For example, a hormone produced by the kidneys stimulates red blood cell production.