AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Ultra filtration occurs in Malphigian corpuscles present in glomarulus capsule or Bowman’s capsule of kidney. This process is also called as glomerular filtration. The hydrostatic pressure present in the glomerular capsule is responsible for the glomerular filtration.

Detailed explanation-2: -Process in Malpighian body: Blood filtration. The blood is passed from the glomerulus. The thin walls of the glomerulus allow certain smaller molecules, wastes and fluids to pass into the tubule while filtering the rest of the red blood cells and proteins, this process is also known as ultrafiltration.

Detailed explanation-3: -Ultrafiltration (UF) is a water purification process in which water is forced through a semipermeable membrane. Suspended solids and high-molecular-weight solutes remain on one side of the membrane, the retentate side, while water and low-molecular-weight solutes filter through the membrane to the permeate side.

Detailed explanation-4: -Hence, the Malpighian Body allows the filtration of blood so that the waste can be separated from the blood. The filtrate further moves to tubules where fine reabsorption and secretion takes place. Both the kidneys produce approximately 180 liters of filtrate every day.

Detailed explanation-5: -Glomerular filtration occurs when blood enters the glomerulus through the afferent arteriole. Due to glomerular blood pressure, water and small solutes (such as glucose, amino acids, nitrogenous wastes and ions) present in blood move from the glomerulus to the inside of the glomerular capsule.