AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Chicle gum is extracted from the sap of the sapodilla tree trunk. The Aztec Indians harvested and used the latex and gums produced from the sapodilla tree. Native Americans taught New England colonists to chew spruce sap, which became the first commercially sold chewing gum.

Detailed explanation-2: -eucalyptus, (genus Eucalyptus), large genus of more than 660 species of shrubs and tall trees of the myrtle family (Myrtaceae), native to Australia, Tasmania, and nearby islands. In Australia the eucalypti are commonly known as gum trees or stringybark trees.

Detailed explanation-3: -Gums produced commercially mainly include: gum Arabic (Acacia senegal, Figure 3), gum ghatti, (Anogeissus latifolia), neem gum (Azadirachta indica), gum karaya (Sterculia urens; Cochlospermum gossypium), Joel or Jingan gum (Lannea coromandelica), and Mesquite gum (Prosopis juliflora).

Detailed explanation-4: -In general, the gums are produced by the stem under conditions of heat and drought stress, partly as a natural phenomenon (as part of the normal metabolism of plants) and partly as a result of injury to the bark or stem (due to fungal or bacterial attack) by a process known as gummosis.