AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -This review describes the toxic alkaloids aconitine, atropine, coniine, colchicine, cytisine, dimethyltryptamine, harmine, harmaline, ibogaine, kawain, mescaline, scopolamine, and taxine, which are often involved in fatal and non-fatal poisonings.

Detailed explanation-2: -They are mainly produced by plants and animals for defense. Examples of alkaloids include morphine, codeine, coniine, quinine, scopolamine, hyoscamine, atropine, caffeine, sangunarine, berberine, etc. About a fifth of total plant species are believed to produce them.

Detailed explanation-3: -The toxic components of many of the more problematic poisonous plants are alkaloids. There are numerous classes of alkaloids, grouped by chemical structure, including pyrrolizidine, piperidine, pyridine, indole, quinolizidine, indolizidine, diterpenoid, tropane, and steroidal alkaloids.

Detailed explanation-4: -Alkaloids are present not only in human daily life in food and drinks but also as stimulant drugs. They showed anti-inflammatory, anticancer, analgesics, local anesthetic and pain relief, neuropharmacologic, antimicrobial, antifungal, and many other activities.