AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Answer. Answer: Brugmans said that roots not only absorb water, fluid from soil but return a portion of their peculiar secretions back into it. Brugmans studied plant excretion and found that some plants exude an acid fluid from their spongioles.

Detailed explanation-2: -’Brugaman’ a botanist proved from his experiments that the roots not only absorb fluid from the soil but returns a portion of their peculiar secretions back into it. It is for this reason when plants especially potted plants are uprooted and removed, they leave their characteristic smell in the soil.

Detailed explanation-3: -Water from the soil is absorbed by the roots through a process known as osmosis. The cell membrane of the root hair cells acts as a semi-permeable membrane. The cell sap inside the vacuole is a strong solution with low water concentration.

Detailed explanation-4: -Plants absorb water and minerals from the soil via their roots. The root hairs on roots increase the surface area of roots to facilitate absorption of water and minerals that are dissolved in the soil water. The xylem then conducts the absorbed water and minerals from the roots to the shoot system.

Detailed explanation-5: -Plants absorb water from the soil by osmosis. They absorb mineral ions by active transport, against the concentration gradient. Root hair cells are adapted for taking up water and mineral ions by having a large surface area to increase the rate of absorption.