AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Osmosis plays a central role in the movement of water between cells and various compartments within plants. In the absence of transpiration, osmotic forces dominate the movement of water into roots.

Detailed explanation-2: -Diffusion: The soil water enters from the higher concentration to the lower concentration by the process of diffusion.

Detailed explanation-3: -Water moves into the roots from the soil by osmosis, due to the low solute potential in the roots (lower s in roots than in soil). This intake o f water in the roots increases p in the root xylem, driving water up.

Detailed explanation-4: -Water potential of root cells is higher than water potential of soil.

Detailed explanation-5: -Osmotic pressure is responsible for the movement of water from the root hairs to the cortical cells and then finally to the xylem vessels. It is the force required to resist the movement of water through a semi-permeable membrane down the concentration gradient.