AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Carbonic acid almost immediately dissociates into a bicarbonate anion (HCO3-) and a proton. Thus, bicarbonate is the primary means by which carbon dioxide is transport occurs throughout the bloodstream according to the equation CO2 + H2O–> H2CO3–> H+ + HCO3-.

Detailed explanation-2: -Carbon dioxide is transported in blood as either dissolved carbon dioxide (5%), bicarbonate ions (70–90%), or carbamino compounds (5–10%). The majority of carbon dioxide is transported as bicarbonate ions.

Detailed explanation-3: -Carbon dioxide can be transported through the blood via three methods. It is dissolved directly in the blood, bound to plasma proteins or hemoglobin, or converted into bicarbonate. The majority of carbon dioxide is transported as part of the bicarbonate system. Carbon dioxide diffuses into red blood cells.

Detailed explanation-4: -Carbon dioxide is transported in the blood from the tissue to the lungs in three ways:1 (i) dissolved in solution; (ii) buffered with water as carbonic acid; (iii) bound to proteins, particularly haemoglobin. Approximately 75% of carbon dioxide is transport in the red blood cell and 25% in the plasma.

Detailed explanation-5: -Carbamino-hemoglobin: About 20-25% of CO2 binds with the hemoglobin and gets transported. Bicarbonates: About 70% of CO2 gets transported as bicarbonate ions and diffuses through the plasma.