ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY
HUMAN CIRCULATION
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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tonsils
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thoracuc duct
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Lymph nodes
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Lymph vessels
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Detailed explanation-1: -A normal lymph node is ovoid in shape, hypoechoic to the adjacent muscle and frequently contains an echogenic fatty hilum (Fig. 1a). The hilum is a linear, echogenic, non-shadowing structure that contains the nodal vessels and it appears continuous with the fat around the node.
Detailed explanation-2: -Malignant lymph nodes are commonly round, while benign nodes tend to have an elliptical shape.
Detailed explanation-3: -Metastatic nodes tend to be round with a short to long axes ratio (S/L ratio) greater than 0.5, while reactive or benign lymph nodes are elliptical in shape (S/L ratio <0.5)18, , [35–37].
Detailed explanation-4: -On imaging studies, the lymph nodes of HL and NHL are homogeneous and variable in size, with an average diameter from 2 to 10 cm. They may enhance slightly to moderately, display necrosis before and after treatment, and display calcification post-treatment.