AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Osmoreceptors within the hypothalamus detect when the water potential in the blood is low since the loss of water reduces their volume which triggers stimulation of nerve cells in the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus are receptors and the effector is the pituitary gland and the walls of the distal convoluted tubule.

Detailed explanation-2: -Osmoregulation is an example of a negative feedback, homeostatic control system. This system detects changes in the salinity of the water Chinook salmon live in, working to keep the body water concentration constant.

Detailed explanation-3: -Individually, these osmoregulatory responses are controlled by “osmoreceptors": groups of specialized nerve cells capable of transducing changes in external osmotic pressure into meaningful electrical signals.

Detailed explanation-4: -Need for Osmoregulation Mammalian systems have evolved to regulate osmotic pressure by managing concentrations of electrolytes found in the three major fluids: blood plasma, extracellular fluid, and intracellular fluid.