AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The main functions of stomata are: Gaseous exchange-Stomatal opening and closure help in the gaseous exchange between the plant and surrounding. It helps in transpiration and removal of excess water in the form of water vapour. Stomatal closure at night prevents water from escaping through pores.

Detailed explanation-2: -Stomata regulate transpiration and CO2 intake by changing its size depending on the environmental signals. In optimum conditions, stomata are wide open, allowing gaseous exchange with the atmosphere.

Detailed explanation-3: -Stomata regulate gas exchange between the plant and environment and control of water loss by changing the size of the stomatal pore.

Detailed explanation-4: -The role of stomata is to optimize gas exchange (the uptake of carbon dioxide and the loss of water vapor) to suit the prevailing environmental conditions. To do this plants open and close the stomatal pores and regulates the number of stomata that develop on the epidermes.

Detailed explanation-5: -A special feature of guard cells is that they can increase or decrease their volume, thereby changing their shape. This is the basis for the opening and closing of a stoma, known as stomatal movement, which controls gas exchange necessary for photosynthesis and limits water loss.