AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -If a person has consumed a large volume of water and has not lost much water by sweating, then too much water might be detected in the blood plasma by the hypothalamus. If this occurs, less ADH will be released from the pituitary gland. The kidney tubules become less permeable to water.

Detailed explanation-2: -As a result, the reabsorption of water from the glomerular filtrate is increased. When someone drinks lots of water, requirement of absorption of water decreases, so ADH release is suppressed.

Detailed explanation-3: -ADH release is inhibited by atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), which is released by stretched atria in response to increases in blood pressure, as well as alcohol and certain medications.

Detailed explanation-4: -Aldosterone and ADH secretion increased following dehydration. It is suggested that the ADH. besides its water reabsorptive functions in the kidney, initiates aldosterone secretion. The aldosterone then works primarily on the colon causing absorption of salt and water.

Detailed explanation-5: -When the body is low in water, the pituitary gland secretes vasopressin (also called antidiuretic hormone) into the bloodstream. Vasopressin stimulates the kidneys to conserve water and excrete less urine.